Good Decision-Making Depends on an ‘Archer’s Mindset’

A professional poker player’s advice for optimizing outcomes

Annie Duke
Forge

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Woman aiming with a bow and arrow at a target.
Photo: hobo_018/Getty Images

Most decisions are ultimately a guess. You can’t be certain that anything you do will lead to a specific outcome, and you can’t know the exact likelihood of any outcome at all. Part of becoming a better decision-maker is shifting your mindset about guessing.

I may be a professional poker player, but I approach decision-making the way an archer thinks about a target.

Archery isn’t all or nothing, where you get points only for hitting the bull’s-eye and everything else is a miss. An archer gets points for hitting the target at all. Decision-making is similar. The value of guessing isn’t in whether the guess is “right” or “wrong.”

You’ll likely miss the bull’s-eye but, like the archer, you will still score points for landing in the vicinity. The important thing is to take aim. That means assessing what you do and don’t know about the possible outcomes of your decision, the rough probability for each of those potential results, and your preferred outcome within those possibilities.

The alternative is a decision-making process that’s less like archery, and more like pin the tail on the donkey. Instead of taking aim, you’re willingly blindfolding yourself to…

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Annie Duke
Forge
Writer for

Author of Thinking in Bets and How to Decide. Co-founder of The Alliance for Decision Education